Matter Compilation: Crash Course Kids - By Crash Course Kids
Transcript
00:0-1 | the world , the whole universe is made up of | |
00:02 | stuff and we call this stuff matter . But what | |
00:05 | does all of this mean ? What is matter ? | |
00:08 | What's the difference between the matter that makes up wood | |
00:11 | and the matter that makes up water ? And why | |
00:14 | does it matter ? See what I did there ? | |
00:17 | Let's see if we can answer these questions and we'll | |
00:19 | start with the simplest ones . What is matter and | |
00:22 | what are particles ? You might have heard that everything | |
00:28 | is made of matter . And that's true . You | |
00:31 | soccer balls , ipads , even your pet fluffy , | |
00:34 | all made of matter . So that's interesting . But | |
00:37 | what is matter ? Exactly ? The scientific answer is | |
00:45 | matter is anything that has weight and takes up space | |
00:48 | . You already know about weight , right ? That's | |
00:50 | just how heavy something is . Like if you ever | |
00:53 | been to a doctor's office , the first thing they | |
00:55 | do is have you stand on the scale so they | |
00:57 | can measure how much you weigh as for taking up | |
00:59 | space . Another way of thinking about it is that | |
01:01 | all matter has volume . It simply fills the area | |
01:04 | . It's in When you pour water into a glass | |
01:07 | , for example , the water's volume is the amount | |
01:09 | of space that it takes up in the glass . | |
01:11 | So all matter has volume and weight . But it | |
01:14 | sure doesn't all look the same . Well , that's | |
01:16 | because matter comes in different forms or states , liquids | |
01:20 | are a state of matter that I'm sure you're familiar | |
01:22 | with . If you've ever poured yourself a drink while | |
01:24 | trying to watch tv , you might have noticed that | |
01:26 | liquids take up space because once the space inside your | |
01:30 | glasses full got right on the carpet . Sorry , | |
01:34 | mom . You also know that water has weight . | |
01:36 | If you carry a water bottle as you drink from | |
01:38 | it , it gets lighter because you're removing water from | |
01:41 | it . Solids are matter too , of course . | |
01:43 | Probably the most obvious kind rocks are solid and so | |
01:46 | is ice , which is just solid water . Soccer | |
01:48 | balls are solid ipads , your pet fluffy and every | |
01:51 | single guy in one direction and just like rocks , | |
01:54 | all those things have weight and take up space . | |
01:57 | Now . You know what's weird ? Sometimes Matter can | |
01:59 | be seen or felt , but it's there like the | |
02:02 | air we breathe . Air is an example of gas | |
02:05 | , the third main state of matter . And I | |
02:07 | probably know what you're thinking . How do we know | |
02:10 | air or any gas really is there ? If we | |
02:13 | can't see it ? Well , we can prove it | |
02:16 | by doing an experiment science . Mm Let's start by | |
02:23 | asking the question is air matter because if it is | |
02:27 | it should take up space and have weight right to | |
02:29 | see if air takes up space . Look at I | |
02:32 | can easily drop an empty balloon into this little box | |
02:35 | , but a full one won't fit . That's because | |
02:37 | the air that fills the space inside the balloon is | |
02:40 | bigger than the space inside the box now . Does | |
02:43 | there have wait , let's try something else . Take | |
02:46 | two empty balloons and tape them to the ends of | |
02:48 | a meter stick . Then we'll hang the meter stick | |
02:50 | on a string so that it's perfectly balanced . Now | |
02:53 | let's see what happens if we blow up just one | |
02:55 | of the balloons and put it back on our meter | |
02:57 | stick , check it out the end with the full | |
02:59 | balloon sinks . It weighs more than the empty balloon | |
03:02 | because the air gives it extra weight . The balloon | |
03:09 | full of air will always weigh more than the empty | |
03:12 | one because there's matter in Matter has weight and takes | |
03:15 | up space , whether it's a liquid , a solid | |
03:18 | or a gas . So listen , the next time | |
03:20 | someone tells you that something doesn't matter , you can | |
03:23 | tell them to their face that technically everything is matter | |
03:28 | . And tell him Sabrina said , so You ever | |
03:33 | hear someone say you look like $1 million . Well | |
03:35 | you do , but you also look like a million | |
03:38 | particles . Let me explain . You and I are | |
03:41 | both made of matter . I don't mean we matter | |
03:44 | like were important even though of course we are . | |
03:46 | I mean we actually are matter matter as you know | |
03:50 | is anything that has weight and takes up space and | |
03:53 | we did a whole video about it . But what | |
03:55 | is matter made of ? Mhm It's made of particles | |
04:03 | . So you as a big thing , a matter | |
04:06 | are made of particles . The device you're watching this | |
04:09 | on is made of particles . Your dog is made | |
04:12 | of particles . You get the idea particles are so | |
04:16 | tiny though you can't see them . Just picture them | |
04:19 | as super small balls packed together to form an object | |
04:22 | and how an object looks and behaves , which we | |
04:25 | call its properties . Has a lot to do with | |
04:27 | those tiny particles that it's made of . Let's take | |
04:30 | a look mm hmm . You know that most matter | |
04:35 | comes in three states , solid liquid or gas particles | |
04:40 | in a solid are packed so tight that they don't | |
04:42 | move and they keep you from moving through it like | |
04:45 | a brick wall . Now don't try running through a | |
04:47 | brick wall . Just trust me on this . But | |
04:49 | in a liquid , there's more space between the particles | |
04:52 | that extra room between them allows them to slide around | |
04:55 | . That's why you can stick an object into or | |
04:57 | through a liquid , like dropping a straw and a | |
04:59 | glass of soda or waiting through a pool of water | |
05:02 | . And there is so much space between the constantly | |
05:05 | moving particles in a gas that you can move around | |
05:08 | in them easily . In fact , when you walk | |
05:10 | from one side of the room to the other , | |
05:12 | you've walked through a bunch of gases that make up | |
05:14 | air . But if something is a solid , will | |
05:16 | it always stay a solid ? Is a liquid , | |
05:18 | always a liquid . Do gases ever become non gases | |
05:22 | ? To find out If matter can change states , | |
05:24 | Let's find examples of when objects properties change , then | |
05:28 | we can figure out what's happening to their particles . | |
05:30 | Here's one a candle , It's solid , right ? | |
05:32 | Made of wax . But when you light the candle | |
05:35 | , the packed particles loosen up and the wax begins | |
05:37 | to melt liquid wax so a solid can become a | |
05:41 | liquid . Now here's another , let's say you've got | |
05:44 | a pot of water on the stove . If you | |
05:46 | heat a liquid up , its particles will move around | |
05:48 | so fast that they can't hold onto each other . | |
05:50 | When that happens , all of the particles fly apart | |
05:53 | and become a gas , like the steam you see | |
05:56 | when you boil water so a liquid can become a | |
05:58 | gas . Okay , one more . How about a | |
06:01 | forest on a really cold night or even on your | |
06:04 | front lawn ? When it's cold enough , water vapor | |
06:07 | , a gas in the air turns into tiny crystals | |
06:09 | of frost , which you see on trees or grass | |
06:11 | . The free floating particles in the gas join together | |
06:14 | and form a solid around the plants so a gas | |
06:17 | can become a solid . But my favorite example of | |
06:20 | a state of change . The Wizard of Oz , | |
06:22 | definitely remember when the Wicked Witch of the West melts | |
06:25 | at the end . She totally goes from a solid | |
06:28 | to a liquid . Okay , but seriously , what | |
06:31 | does all of this mean ? An object made of | |
06:37 | matter can change its properties when it changes states and | |
06:41 | remember it doesn't make a difference which state of matter | |
06:44 | . An object is in solid liquid or gas , | |
06:46 | it's still always matter to sum up , matter is | |
06:50 | everywhere . Matter is made of particles . Therefore particles | |
06:54 | are everywhere . So like I always say never trust | |
06:58 | a particle . They make up everything . So now | |
07:01 | that we have an idea of what matter is , | |
07:03 | we have to ask more questions like how to figure | |
07:06 | out what kind of matter , something is made out | |
07:07 | of and how we can figure out what an object | |
07:10 | is just by having measurements and making simple observations . | |
07:13 | Well , let's take a closer look . Hey guys | |
07:19 | , remember what it was like in preschool , If | |
07:21 | you don't remember . Here's a reminder . It was | |
07:24 | way easier playing with colored blocks . Learning shapes . | |
07:27 | Those were the days . Good times . But here's | |
07:29 | a fun fact when you were learning how to put | |
07:31 | all those yellow blocks in a line or stuffing square | |
07:34 | shaped blocks through a square hole , you are also | |
07:36 | learning something very fundamental and that is how to judge | |
07:40 | and objects properties . But what do we mean when | |
07:42 | we talk about the properties of stuff ? Yeah . | |
07:46 | Well , let's start with this . The stuff that | |
07:50 | makes up everything is called matter doesn't make any difference | |
07:54 | if it's a tiny grain of sand or all of | |
07:56 | the air that surrounds the earth . Everything is made | |
07:59 | of matter and a property of matter is just any | |
08:02 | characteristic that we can list about it , like how | |
08:04 | it looks feels or acts , for example , my | |
08:07 | characteristics include having black hair , wearing glasses , having | |
08:11 | some wicked awesome nerd cred and well , you get | |
08:14 | the idea properties of matter are also things that we | |
08:16 | can observe . This means that they have differences that | |
08:18 | are big enough to notice . For instance , I'm | |
08:21 | currently observing that my desk is messier than it was | |
08:24 | five seconds ago and to round it out . Properties | |
08:26 | of matter are also able to be measured . That | |
08:29 | is we can compare objects to each other but instead | |
08:31 | of just looking at them and getting a general idea | |
08:34 | of how they compare . We measure them by using | |
08:36 | tools that give us values or numbers . Now let's | |
08:39 | put all of these ideas to work by demonstrating how | |
08:41 | we can find a few basic properties of a simple | |
08:44 | object . Let me grab my measuring tape . Mhm | |
08:47 | . Okay . Okay . Look , I know I | |
08:51 | was just talking about how fun it was to play | |
08:53 | with blocks . But let me be clear I am | |
08:56 | not playing with these blocks . This is science people | |
08:59 | . Now let's start with a couple of questions . | |
09:01 | One , what properties does this block have ? Well | |
09:04 | , there are some properties that we can observe but | |
09:07 | we can't really measure or describe them with numbers like | |
09:09 | this blocks , color or what it's made of or | |
09:12 | even the fact that it holds its shape , which | |
09:13 | makes it a solid . So a better question to | |
09:16 | ask might be . What can we observe and measure | |
09:19 | about this block ? Let's start with the big one | |
09:21 | here , length length is just a distance of something | |
09:24 | from end to end and this blocks length is 8.5 | |
09:27 | centimeters with meanwhile is the distance of something from side | |
09:31 | to side and its width is 8.5 centimeters height . | |
09:36 | That's an easy one . It's the distance of an | |
09:37 | object from its bottom to its top . Not to | |
09:40 | mention a major factor in being able to play basketball | |
09:42 | successfully in the height of this block is nine centimeters | |
09:46 | . So length , width and height are some of | |
09:49 | the most commonly used properties , but there are a | |
09:51 | lot of others to for instance , our block is | |
09:54 | also an object shaped like a box that takes up | |
09:56 | space . That is , it fills up the space | |
09:58 | it's in . We call that space the blocks volume | |
10:01 | . We can measure the volume of this block using | |
10:03 | math based on the measurements that I just made , | |
10:05 | but we can also get a more general idea of | |
10:07 | its volume by making other observations , like the medium | |
10:10 | block easily fits into the bigger block . So we | |
10:12 | know that the medium block has less volume than the | |
10:14 | bigger block , but there's no way the medium block | |
10:17 | is fitting into the little block . So we know | |
10:19 | that the medium block has more volume than this small | |
10:21 | block . Finally , wait , is another measurable property | |
10:24 | of matter . Wait just tells us how heavy an | |
10:26 | object is . When you go to a doctor's office | |
10:29 | and they ask you to stand on a scale . | |
10:31 | They're using that scale to measure your weight . Got | |
10:33 | it good . So all Matter has properties and properties | |
10:40 | are observable measurable characteristics that we can use to tell | |
10:44 | them apart . And we got to know some of | |
10:45 | the most common and useful properties that we can put | |
10:47 | a value or number on like length with height , | |
10:51 | volume and weight . So hey , blocks , not | |
10:54 | just for little kids , also super handy for doing | |
10:57 | science . Have you ever gotten up in the middle | |
11:01 | of the night to use the bathroom and stumble out | |
11:03 | of bed and then smash And then after that , | |
11:05 | Well , that has happened to me . In fact | |
11:09 | , just last night , got up , went to | |
11:11 | get some water and kick something really hard and now | |
11:14 | my toe hurts . So bear with me . But | |
11:16 | if you're at all like me having this happened to | |
11:18 | you likely brought a few things to your mind . | |
11:20 | Like one turning on the lights would probably have been | |
11:23 | a good idea to what did I trip over and | |
11:26 | three who left it there ? The second of these | |
11:29 | questions is pretty important because it's a question that's the | |
11:32 | essence of so much science and that is what is | |
11:36 | this thing , no matter what that thing is . | |
11:42 | I can tell you that it's made up of matter | |
11:44 | and all Matter has properties specific characteristics that separate it | |
11:48 | from other kinds of matter . If you remember from | |
11:50 | the last episode , Properties are things we can observe | |
11:53 | and measure things like an objects length with height and | |
11:57 | volume . But how can we use these kinds of | |
11:59 | properties to identify an object ? I am so glad | |
12:02 | you asked because we're going to do a little investigation | |
12:05 | together . Mm So today we're going to solve the | |
12:11 | mystery of what did Sabrina trip over in the middle | |
12:14 | of the night . And we'll do this by examining | |
12:16 | the properties of said mystery object which I happen to | |
12:19 | have right here hidden under the cloth . But before | |
12:22 | we start our investigation , did you know that there | |
12:25 | are different kinds of units that can be used to | |
12:27 | measure things ? You can measure in feet or pounds | |
12:30 | or gallons if you wanted . I guess you could | |
12:32 | also measure in jelly beans but that would take a | |
12:35 | long time . So we'll just go ahead and use | |
12:38 | the international standard units . Also known as the metric | |
12:41 | system . You might know these units as meters grams | |
12:45 | and leaders . And the markings on my measuring tape | |
12:47 | here divide a meter into 100 smaller pieces of equal | |
12:50 | size . Each of these is a centimeter 1/100 of | |
12:54 | a meter . Okay , now , back to this | |
12:55 | mystery object . Feeling around . It's got nice straight | |
12:58 | sides and two sides are larger than the other two | |
13:01 | . That means we're dealing with a rectangle here . | |
13:03 | Now let's give those sides of measure looks like it's | |
13:06 | about 23 cm wide , about 30 cm tall and | |
13:09 | about five cm high . So we have some measurements | |
13:13 | . That's a good start . But it's not enough | |
13:15 | to tell us what this thing is . So let's | |
13:17 | measure another property . It's mass to do this . | |
13:20 | We need a different tool , a scale and we'll | |
13:22 | use a different unit to in the metric system . | |
13:25 | The unit of mass is called a gram . A | |
13:27 | paperclip has a mass of about a gram , whatever | |
13:29 | this is , it's kind of heavy . It's almost | |
13:31 | 3000 g . So here we have an object that | |
13:34 | is pretty heavy , hard , smooth and rectangular . | |
13:37 | Let's see what other objects do I know of that | |
13:40 | fit that description . Tennis racket , nope . It's | |
13:43 | not my socks or my stuffed panda . And we've | |
13:46 | already ruled out my tablet . Oh , I know | |
13:48 | it's my science book . I was doing a little | |
13:50 | reading last night and put it on the floor before | |
13:52 | I turned the lights out . So we've been able | |
13:59 | to identify a mystery object by observing and measuring its | |
14:02 | properties . We used units in the metric system to | |
14:04 | put values on properties such as grams for mass and | |
14:08 | centimeters for length , width and height . And those | |
14:10 | numbers gave us enough clues to solve the mystery of | |
14:13 | what I kicked in the dark . So remember when | |
14:15 | it comes to measuring think metric and when it comes | |
14:18 | to identifying objects , take a tip from me . | |
14:20 | Avoid identifying them with your toe . Okay , so | |
14:24 | now that we know a bit more about matter and | |
14:26 | properties of matter . Let's look at how matter can | |
14:28 | change . Let's look at how cold can change into | |
14:31 | diamonds . One note though , it takes a lot | |
14:34 | like a lot to change coal into diamonds . You | |
14:41 | can't make something from nothing . I mean if you | |
14:43 | could you see me surrounded by an unlimited supply of | |
14:46 | harry potter books and jolly ranchers right now . But | |
14:48 | what you can do is take some stuff and change | |
14:51 | it to create what's basically brand new stuff . Well | |
14:55 | , I can't But material scientists can , last time | |
14:58 | we talked about how scientists can improve existing materials by | |
15:02 | altering their properties , like turning glass into super extra | |
15:05 | hard gorilla glass . But they can also create new | |
15:08 | materials . So today we'll find out how and why | |
15:11 | scientists can make materials with whatever properties they want . | |
15:15 | Mhm . But first let's do some review . We | |
15:21 | all remember what a material is , right . Material | |
15:23 | is an object made of matter . All materials have | |
15:26 | properties . A property is a distinguishing quality of the | |
15:28 | material , like its color , shape , size or | |
15:31 | weight and material . Scientists study the properties and uses | |
15:34 | of different materials and invent completely new ones . Think | |
15:37 | of a material that we use all of the time | |
15:39 | like rubber or plastic , chances are at some point | |
15:42 | in history it might not have existed until a material | |
15:45 | scientist invented it . And more often than not , | |
15:48 | materials are made to solve a specific problem . Let's | |
15:51 | take a look at a real life material that's made | |
15:53 | by scientists to have the properties that they wanted in | |
15:55 | order to solve a problem . Mhm mm . This | |
16:01 | is a diamond sparkly . These are also diamonds . | |
16:05 | In fact , in a lot of ways these diamonds | |
16:07 | seem to be pretty similar . They're both materials or | |
16:10 | objects made of matter . But one of these materials | |
16:12 | was made naturally deep inside of the earth . The | |
16:15 | other was made in a lab . That's right . | |
16:18 | We can grow diamonds in a lab . Well maybe | |
16:21 | not you and me . We but material scientists can | |
16:24 | and do make them natural diamonds are formed deep in | |
16:28 | the earth , far below the surface . This part | |
16:30 | of the earth is super hot . There's also a | |
16:32 | ton of pressure there with the weight of all of | |
16:34 | that rock above pressing down this combination of high temperature | |
16:38 | and high pressure pushes atoms of the element carbon together | |
16:41 | to form diamond crystals , their hardness and sparkling . | |
16:44 | This are two of the main properties of diamonds that | |
16:47 | make them different from other forms of carbon , like | |
16:49 | graphite or coal . So when people want diamonds do | |
16:52 | they just drill down into our planet and start picking | |
16:54 | up their favorites ? Um No diamonds are cool and | |
16:57 | all , but that would be a lot of work | |
16:59 | . The diamonds that we see on jewelry and such | |
17:01 | are the ones that have been brought closer to Earth's | |
17:03 | surface by violent volcanic eruptions a long time ago . | |
17:07 | This means there's a limited supply of diamonds in the | |
17:09 | world , which is a problem because diamonds are not | |
17:12 | only pretty , they're also really useful , namely diamonds | |
17:15 | are some of the hardest substances on the planet . | |
17:18 | So they're super handy for cutting through or polishing surface | |
17:22 | that would break almost anything else . Tiny diamonds are | |
17:25 | actually used in some kind of saws and drills that | |
17:27 | can cut through rock and even concrete . But since | |
17:30 | natural diamonds are so rare , they're also really expensive | |
17:34 | . So a bunch of clever scientists figured out a | |
17:36 | way to make their own diamonds without having to spend | |
17:39 | weeks drilling into the Earth . One process for making | |
17:41 | diamonds in a lab is called high pressure high temperature | |
17:45 | or H . P . H . T . For | |
17:46 | short , this process basically tries to replicate what's happening | |
17:49 | deep within the earth . Using just a key natural | |
17:52 | material called graphite scientists place graphite a soft grade form | |
17:56 | of carbon and the stuff that you can find in | |
17:57 | your number two pencil under intense pressure and heat heavy | |
18:01 | blocks in the HP . HT machine press down on | |
18:04 | the graphite , creating pressure while a zap of electricity | |
18:07 | creates the high temperature . The pressure and temperature start | |
18:09 | to change the properties of the carbon and boom in | |
18:12 | just a few days hard sparkly diamond is created . | |
18:15 | Of course jewelers would need to cut it to get | |
18:17 | that classic diamond look . But even in its raw | |
18:19 | form you can still see that it's clearer and much | |
18:22 | harder than the original graphite . That's how one material | |
18:25 | lab grown diamonds when from a form of material with | |
18:28 | completely different properties to a form with the properties we | |
18:31 | wanted . Humans can make materials using basic natural elements | |
18:39 | like graphite when they really need to solve a specific | |
18:42 | problem . There are also tons of other examples out | |
18:44 | there of materials that people have created like rubber or | |
18:48 | plastic or nylon . None of those things existed until | |
18:51 | some intrepid scientists started thinking and fiddling . Who knows | |
18:54 | what brand new material will cook up next . Diamonds | |
18:57 | and coal are one thing I think we can all | |
18:58 | understand them . They exist in a solid state and | |
19:00 | if you hit either of them hard enough , they'll | |
19:02 | break . But what if there was something weird , | |
19:05 | something that didn't behave like normal or Newtonian substances , | |
19:09 | Shall we talk about public ? You know , we | |
19:15 | haven't talked about in a while . Things that matter | |
19:18 | like mass and materials and particles , I guess what | |
19:21 | I mean is things that have to do with matter | |
19:24 | . We've already talked a lot about the different states | |
19:26 | of matter . You know , some matter comes in | |
19:28 | the form of a solid , others in a liquid | |
19:30 | and still others in a gas . But are you | |
19:33 | ready for a question that will bend your brain a | |
19:35 | little ? What if there's a matter that fits into | |
19:37 | more than one of these categories ? Is there such | |
19:40 | a thing if there is ? What's it like ? | |
19:42 | And can I make some maybe in my kitchen ? | |
19:46 | Mhm . Before I answer any of these questions , | |
19:51 | let's take a closer look at different states of matter | |
19:54 | . You remember what a solid is ? It's matter | |
19:56 | that has a definite size and shape like this test | |
19:58 | that I'm sitting at or the clothes that I'm wearing | |
20:00 | and well , all of me , I'm a person | |
20:03 | with a definite size and shape liquid is matter that | |
20:05 | has a definite size but no definite shape . The | |
20:08 | water in this glass is a liquid . It has | |
20:10 | a definite size , but no definite shape . Like | |
20:12 | you could say that my desk is desk shaped , | |
20:15 | but there's no such thing as water shaped and the | |
20:18 | gases matter that has no definite size or shape . | |
20:21 | The air around me and you is a gas . | |
20:23 | It's not shaped like anything and it's size changes depending | |
20:27 | on how big the container is that it's in now | |
20:29 | all solids , liquids and gases are materials or objects | |
20:33 | made of matter and all materials have properties or traits | |
20:36 | that help identify them like their color or shape or | |
20:39 | size or temperature or wait and now that you're properly | |
20:42 | refreshed on the states of matter . I'm going to | |
20:44 | cheat and answer our big question a little early or | |
20:47 | at least part of it . Yes . Some materials | |
20:49 | aren't so easily lumped into just one state of matter | |
20:52 | . These unusual materials can actually act like multiple states | |
20:55 | of matter . Right . I want to be just | |
20:57 | such a material . Then let me introduce you to | |
20:59 | non newtonian fluids . The non what now ? Non | |
21:03 | newtonian fluids are substances that don't behave like we expect | |
21:06 | them to . These fluids might look like one thing | |
21:09 | , but they behave like another . So what makes | |
21:12 | a substance ? Non newtonian ? Let's find out by | |
21:14 | making a non newtonian mixture of our own . Say | |
21:17 | hello to public believe it or not . I didn't | |
21:24 | make this word up . It comes from a book | |
21:26 | written by Dr Seuss . You know the guy who | |
21:28 | wrote The Cat in the Hat In another book he | |
21:30 | wrote called Bartholomew and the public . There's a king | |
21:32 | who gets bored with normal everyday weather . So instead | |
21:35 | he makes sticky stuff fall from the sky . That's | |
21:37 | where public . The stuff that we're going to play | |
21:39 | with today gets its name . But the stuff we're | |
21:42 | talking about is really our public is a non Newtonian | |
21:45 | substance with a pretty simple recipe . No magical kings | |
21:48 | required . All you need is about 1.5 cups of | |
21:51 | corn starch , about one cup of water , A | |
21:53 | big bowl and a spoon pour the corn starch into | |
21:56 | your bowl and slowly add some water . Keep stirring | |
21:59 | until the mixture feels kind of like honey in the | |
22:01 | end . It should look like this . Now grab | |
22:04 | some of this goo in your hand . When you | |
22:05 | squeeze it , it will form a solid ball in | |
22:07 | your palm . But when you unclench your fist and | |
22:10 | release the pressure , it'll slide between your fingers like | |
22:14 | a liquid . All fluids have a property known as | |
22:16 | viscosity , which is basically the rate at which a | |
22:18 | fluid flows . And newtonian fluids or normal fluids flow | |
22:22 | at a consistent rate . But non newtonian fluids or | |
22:25 | non normal fluids flow at a different rate depending on | |
22:29 | how much force or pressure is applied to them . | |
22:31 | So your public flows at a much slower rate . | |
22:34 | When pressure is applied to it , acting like a | |
22:36 | solid . But when the pressure is removed it flows | |
22:39 | faster and behaves like a liquid . Good for you | |
22:41 | . Public being normal is overrated . Right . Good | |
22:48 | . So if an object viscosity or flow rate is | |
22:51 | not constant or changes depending on the pressure applied to | |
22:54 | it . It's a non newtonian fluid which means yes | |
22:57 | , some materials can fit into more than just one | |
23:00 | state of matter . These materials are called non newtonian | |
23:03 | fluids and they don't play by your regular rules of | |
23:06 | matter . There will be a solid sometimes , and | |
23:09 | then a liquid at others . Matter is weird , | |
23:11 | but it's pretty much everything all around us . Air | |
23:14 | water , me you . It's all matter . If | |
23:17 | you enjoyed this , check out the rest of our | |
23:18 | channel and subscribe . |
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