U.S. Politics: Vocabulary & Pronunciation for the 2020 Election Season - By JenniferESL
Transcript
00:00 | Hi everyone . I'm jennifer from english with jennifer the | |
00:04 | U . S . Presidential elections stir up a lot | |
00:07 | of emotions , both positive and negative . As an | |
00:11 | english language teacher , I get excited because the election | |
00:14 | season gives us things to learn and talk about pronunciation | |
00:19 | , vocabulary , current issues . If you'd like to | |
00:23 | study american english with me , be sure to subscribe | |
00:26 | and if you see the join button , consider becoming | |
00:30 | a member of my channel so you can get the | |
00:32 | most you can out of your english studies here on | |
00:35 | Youtube . Mhm mm . In this lesson I'm going | |
00:44 | to remain politically neutral . You can find plenty of | |
00:47 | opinions and controversy elsewhere . My goal is to give | |
00:51 | you knowledge and words that will help you keep up | |
00:54 | with the news and participate in conversations about us . | |
00:58 | Politics will focus on vocabulary and pronunciation . All right | |
01:05 | , let's start with the basics in the U . | |
01:07 | S . We have two major political parties , the | |
01:10 | Democratic Party and the Republican Party . If you'd like | |
01:15 | to know what makes democrats and republicans different , you | |
01:19 | can check out my lesson on us political parties . | |
01:24 | In short , the Democratic Party is more to the | |
01:27 | left meaning more liberal and they favour a bigger government | |
01:31 | . The Republican Party is more to the right meaning | |
01:34 | more conservative and they favor less regulation and a smaller | |
01:38 | role for the government , especially at the federal level | |
01:43 | . A good number of stereotypes exist about each party | |
01:47 | . So I think it's important to remember that there | |
01:49 | are good , kind responsible people everywhere in blue states | |
01:56 | , in red states and in so called purple states | |
01:59 | or swing states . That's where there's a mix of | |
02:03 | republicans and democrats repeat after me , democrat , democrat | |
02:14 | dan . The Kratt stress on the first syllable democrat | |
02:21 | , Democratic Democratic Democratic Primary stress is on the 3rd | |
02:29 | syllable democratic and I'm flapping my T . It sounds | |
02:34 | like a D . Democratic , Republican . Republican , | |
02:42 | Republican Primary stresses on the 2nd syllable . Republican , | |
02:51 | Liberal or Liberal . This word can be said with | |
02:57 | two or 3 syllables . Liberal , Liberal . Either | |
03:04 | way the stress is on the first syllable . Liberal | |
03:09 | . Liberal . Conservative . Conservative . Conservative primary stresses | |
03:20 | on the second syllable and we often flap R . | |
03:23 | T . So it will sound like a . D | |
03:25 | . Conservative swing as in swing state swing has one | |
03:34 | syllable and the word ends with that Engy sound mm | |
03:39 | Raise the back part of your tongue toward the roof | |
03:41 | of your mouth . Mm . Swing swing state . | |
03:49 | Right now it's election season and the individual states are | |
03:53 | voting to confirm who the nominee will be for each | |
03:56 | party . This early process , from february to june | |
04:00 | is referred to as the primaries , meaning the primary | |
04:04 | elections and caucuses . These are contests at the state | |
04:09 | level . Later in november will have our general election | |
04:13 | at the national level . That's when we'll choose between | |
04:17 | the Democratic candidate , the Republican candidate , candidates from | |
04:21 | smaller parties and usually at least one independent candidate . | |
04:25 | If you'd like to understand our election process better , | |
04:28 | you can watch my lesson on us presidential elections . | |
04:34 | There are many candidates for president . They all want | |
04:37 | to be considered as a possible choice for the job | |
04:41 | . Repeat after me candidate . Canada debt three syllables | |
04:47 | and stress is on the first candidate or candidate candidate | |
04:56 | also with three syllables but a long a at the | |
04:59 | end candidate . So you can use the long A | |
05:04 | candidate or the sh wah sound candidate repeat after me | |
05:13 | nominee . No money stress is on the last syllable | |
05:19 | nominee nominee . In 2020 , Donald Trump is the | |
05:27 | sitting president . He's in the White House , but | |
05:30 | the incumbent president can have challengers from within the party | |
05:35 | to get reelected . The president needs to win the | |
05:37 | nomination of his party during the primaries . In donald | |
05:42 | trump's case , it's the Republican party . What usually | |
05:47 | happens is that the sitting president remains the first choice | |
05:51 | of the party , His name goes on the ballot | |
05:54 | . The ballot is literally the paper used to vote | |
05:58 | . So in november , donald trump's name will go | |
06:01 | on the ballot as the republican nominee , repeat after | |
06:07 | me trump one syllable and be careful with that . | |
06:12 | Tr don't roll your r don't trill your are not | |
06:16 | trump trump true trump incumbent incumbent incumbent stress is on | |
06:29 | the second syllable incumbent nomination nomination nomination . Primary stresses | |
06:42 | on the 3rd syllable nomination ballot ballot , ballot stresses | |
06:54 | on the first syllable ballot . Notice how an unstructured | |
06:59 | vowel sound is often a Schwab sound ballot . The | |
07:06 | list of Democratic candidates is quite long , it was | |
07:10 | longer , but some candidates have already dropped out of | |
07:13 | the race in alphabetical order . The eight remaining candidates | |
07:17 | are joe biden , mike Bloomberg , Pete buddha , | |
07:24 | Judge Tulsi Gabbard , Amy Klobuchar Bernie Sanders , Tom | |
07:33 | Steyer and Elizabeth Warren , the most recent candidate to | |
07:39 | leave the race was Andrew Yang , an entrepreneur who | |
07:43 | entered politics . He also has a background in law | |
07:48 | his last name in the name of his supporters . | |
07:50 | Give us practice with that N . G . Sound | |
07:53 | . Yang . His supporters were and are still known | |
07:58 | as the yang gang . The yang gang . The | |
08:03 | N . G . Sound is a voice sound and | |
08:06 | it's similar to end , but we use the back | |
08:08 | of her tongue , the back rises toward the roof | |
08:12 | of the mouth mm . Yang yang gang um mentioning | |
08:20 | mr yang because I think we'll still hear from him | |
08:23 | . He has become visible as a political commentator on | |
08:27 | tv since dropping out of the race . I wouldn't | |
08:30 | be surprised if mr . Yang holds some kind of | |
08:33 | political office in the future . As for the remaining | |
08:38 | Democratic candidates , we can divide them up in a | |
08:41 | few different ways . First . I think it's interesting | |
08:44 | to note who uses their nickname and who uses their | |
08:48 | full name . Presidents make this choice before they get | |
08:51 | elected . For example , Ronald Reagan was Ronald not | |
08:56 | Ron , but Bill Clinton was Bill , not William | |
09:02 | . Note that joe is short for joseph . Mike | |
09:08 | is short for Michael . Pete is short for Peter | |
09:15 | . Bernie is short for Bernard . Tom is short | |
09:20 | for thomas and Liz is short for Elizabeth . But | |
09:25 | Elizabeth Warren prefers to use her full name , Elizabeth | |
09:30 | , Amy and tall . See our full names before | |
09:34 | Tulsi Gabbert , I had never heard the name Tulsi | |
09:37 | before . It's a girl's name in Hindi . As | |
09:40 | I understand , if you hear a first name , | |
09:44 | you're curious about , Its okay to ask , is | |
09:47 | that a family name ? Does your name have a | |
09:50 | special meaning ? You can also ask what kind of | |
09:55 | name is that if you use a polite tone , | |
09:59 | not what kind of name is that ? At a | |
10:03 | compliment to make sure you don't cause offense Tulsi that's | |
10:08 | pretty . What kind of name is that ? Does | |
10:11 | it have a special meaning ? Another way we can | |
10:16 | look at the candidates is by age . Now , | |
10:19 | normally an american culture , it's not polite to ask | |
10:22 | an adult , how old are you ? But when | |
10:25 | we elect a president age can be a factor voters | |
10:30 | question whether it's better to choose someone older with more | |
10:34 | experience or whether a younger candidate could handle the stress | |
10:38 | of the job better . Pete Buddha , judge and | |
10:42 | Tulsi Gabbert are the youngest at 38 . Amy Klobuchar | |
10:47 | is in her 50s , Tom Steyer is in his | |
10:50 | 60s . The remaining candidates are in their 70s , | |
10:55 | you can say they're in their 70s , They're all | |
10:58 | over 70 or you can impress people with this long | |
11:02 | word . Step to a generi in they're all septuagenarians | |
11:07 | . Step to a Generi ins seven syllables I believe | |
11:12 | . And that's easy to remember because the prefix cept | |
11:15 | means seven Step to a generi ins . People in | |
11:19 | their 70s . Where's the stress step to a Generi | |
11:24 | ins ? There's primary and secondary step to a Generi | |
11:28 | ins cept and their step to a Generi ins . | |
11:32 | Septuagenarians . There are some variations with that word but | |
11:36 | I've heard it most , I think I've heard it | |
11:39 | most often said as septuagenarians practice it and you'll sound | |
11:44 | confident they're septuagenarians in terms of political experience . We | |
11:51 | have one former vice president , two former mayors , | |
11:57 | three senators , one member of Congress , a congresswoman | |
12:04 | And two people from the business world businessman . I | |
12:10 | should note that some of the candidates have held other | |
12:13 | offices In the past , biden was a senator . | |
12:17 | Sanders was a congressman and a mayor and Klobuchar and | |
12:22 | Warren like Andrew Yang have a background in law . | |
12:27 | The current candidates are an interesting mix . Mike Bloomberg | |
12:31 | , for example , served as mayor of new york | |
12:33 | city and he's a businessman . Both Bloomberg and steyr | |
12:37 | have been financially successful . Bloomberg and steyr are the | |
12:41 | only two billionaires . Among the democrats repeat after me | |
12:48 | Steyer Bloomberg . Both those last names have continent blends | |
12:56 | to consonant sounds together , esty and steyr . Bl | |
13:02 | and Bloomberg and note the pattern . Most two syllable | |
13:07 | last names have stressed on the first syllable , Steier | |
13:12 | Bloomberg again repeat after me biden with a long I | |
13:19 | biden Gabbert with a short A . And an er | |
13:24 | sound gathered Sanders with the Z sound at the end | |
13:33 | . Sanders Warren take the time to fully form that | |
13:40 | W Warren . Warren as mentioned , Mike Bloomberg isn't | |
13:48 | the only one with experience as a mayor . Pete | |
13:51 | buddha judge is the former mayor of South Bend indiana | |
13:55 | . Mayor Pete has the most difficult name of all | |
13:58 | to pronounce . If you ever meet someone with a | |
14:01 | last name that's challenging to pronounce . You can ask | |
14:05 | how do you say your last name or how was | |
14:08 | your last name pronounced ? Some people have come up | |
14:13 | with the strategy of saying boot edge edge to teach | |
14:16 | others how to say buddha judge . It's not entirely | |
14:20 | accurate but it's helpful . There are three syllables buddha | |
14:24 | judge stress on the first , which means the other | |
14:27 | two syllables have announced rest vowels . Buddha judge the | |
14:32 | first syllable has a long Ooh . The double T | |
14:35 | becomes a flap T . So it will sound more | |
14:38 | like a . D . Sound buddha , judge . | |
14:41 | The second syllable could have a Schwab sound ah or | |
14:46 | a short . I sound it . I've listened to | |
14:49 | Mayor Pete introduced himself into my ears . It sounds | |
14:53 | like a sua sound buddha . Judge the two Gs | |
14:56 | are soft Gs . And sound like a . J | |
14:59 | . Buddha . Judge Pete buddha , judge The other | |
15:05 | candidate with a three syllable last name is Amy Klobuchar | |
15:10 | . Klobuchar three syllables and the first syllable is stressed | |
15:14 | . It follows the same stress pattern as buddha . | |
15:17 | Judge buddha , Judge Klobuchar . If we break it | |
15:23 | up into three syllables it is easier to say clo | |
15:27 | we have a continent blend Kl clo long . Oh | |
15:33 | boo long do shar with an S . H . | |
15:40 | Shar . I have heard people use the ch but | |
15:45 | when I hear Senator Klobuchar introduced herself . I hear | |
15:49 | an S . H . Sound Klobuchar . Senator Klobuchar | |
15:56 | . Yet another way to group the candidates is by | |
15:59 | who is a veteran and who isn't Tulsi Gabbert and | |
16:02 | Pete Buttigieg our veterans . They both have military experience | |
16:07 | . They served in the United States Armed Forces for | |
16:11 | some voters , this is a plus , repeat after | |
16:14 | me , veteran Veteran , three syllables stress on the | |
16:20 | first veteran veteran . They're veterans . A final way | |
16:29 | we can classify the presidential candidates is probably the most | |
16:33 | important way . Where do they fall on the political | |
16:36 | spectrum ? Someone who is closer to the center but | |
16:39 | leans a little left or right is a centrist . | |
16:43 | More often , I hear the word moderate that can | |
16:46 | be a noun or adjective , you can be a | |
16:49 | moderate , you can have moderate views , repeat after | |
16:55 | me , moderate , moderate , three syllables stress on | |
17:00 | the first moderate , moderate in each party , there | |
17:06 | are those who are far left and far right in | |
17:10 | the Democratic Party . Those who are far left are | |
17:13 | called very liberal or progressive . These two words don't | |
17:17 | necessarily mean the same thing , but there's enough overlap | |
17:21 | that today . Americans often use these words interchangeably . | |
17:27 | Bernie Sanders and Elizabeth Warren are seen as the most | |
17:31 | progressive candidates . Bernie Sanders identifies himself as a Democratic | |
17:36 | socialist . Both Sanders and Warren are proposing big changes | |
17:42 | in the role of the government . The other candidates | |
17:46 | are seen as more or less moderate repeat after me | |
17:51 | . Progressive , progressive stress on the second Progressive , | |
17:58 | not pro pro progressive Socialist Socialist . three syllables stress | |
18:07 | on the first socialist , socialist Socialist , So who | |
18:15 | will win the Democratic nomination and face donald trump in | |
18:19 | the general election ? The Democratic field is still large | |
18:23 | , but we'll know more . Within a few months | |
18:27 | . We've already seen results from a few primaries , | |
18:30 | but super Tuesday is coming up and that's a big | |
18:33 | day . Super Tuesday is when a large number of | |
18:37 | states hold their primary elections . It's usually at time | |
18:41 | to gain some clarity and confirmed the front runner , | |
18:45 | meaning the leader of the race . Perhaps the list | |
18:49 | of Democratic candidates will become shorter if some failed to | |
18:53 | win enough votes . Super Tuesday can help winnow the | |
18:57 | field candidates can be winnowed out , the list can | |
19:01 | be winnowed down . This refers to removing people from | |
19:06 | the list , making the list shorter , repeat after | |
19:12 | me . Super Tuesday , Super Tuesday . Super Tuesday | |
19:21 | . Front Runner , Front Runner . This can be | |
19:25 | written as one word or with a hyphen , but | |
19:28 | place the stress on the first syllable front . I'm | |
19:32 | not dropping my T . I'm using a global stop | |
19:36 | . It's the same sound we use in O . | |
19:39 | Or uh when you hold your breath , that's the | |
19:44 | same action . You need to make a global stop | |
19:47 | in front runner . Front runner , window , Window | |
19:55 | two syllables stress on the first window . We know | |
20:01 | we know out window down . How much do you | |
20:08 | care about politics ? To be honest , Politics can | |
20:11 | stress me out , especially the debates , but our | |
20:15 | presidential elections are important and I care about many issues | |
20:19 | . So I feel it's my responsibility to listen to | |
20:23 | different views and stay informed . If you'd like to | |
20:26 | have the language to talk about current issues such as | |
20:30 | immigration , health care and college tuition , be sure | |
20:34 | to check out my conversation playlist and look for those | |
20:37 | advanced topics . I'll put the link in the video | |
20:40 | description and don't forget if you'd like to have a | |
20:44 | conversation with me about anything . One on one , | |
20:47 | you can book a private lesson through my website . | |
20:50 | I'll end here if you found the lesson useful , | |
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U.S. Politics: Vocabulary & Pronunciation for the 2020 Election Season is a free educational video by JenniferESL.
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