A Princess of Mars

A Princess of Mars

- By Edgar Rice Burroughs
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American writer (1875–1950) Edgar Rice BurroughsBorn(1875-09-01)September 1, 1875Chicago, Illinois, USDiedMarch 19, 1950(1950-03-19) (aged 74)Encino, California, USResting placeTarzana, California, USOccupationNovelistPeriod1911–1950GenreAdventure, fantasy, lost world, sword and planet, planetary romance, soft science fiction, westernNotable works Tarzan series Barsoom series Notable awardsInkpot Award (1975)[1]SpouseEmma Centennia Hulbert (1900–1934) (divorced)Florence Gilbert (1935–1941) (divorced)Children3, including John Coleman BurroughsRelativesJames Pierce (son-in-law) Military serviceAllegianceUnited StatesService/branchUnited States ArmyYears of service1894–18971917–19191941–1945RankCadetTrooperMajorWar correspondentUnit Michigan Military Academy (1894–95) B Troop, 7th Cavalry (1896–97) 2nd Illinois Reserve Infantry (1917–19) Battles/warsIndian Wars Apache Wars Fort Grant First World War Home Defense Second World War Pacific War Signature Edgar Rice Burroughs (September 1, 1875 – March 19, 1950) was an American writer, best known for his prolific output in the adventure, science fiction, and fantasy genres. Best known for creating the characters Tarzan (who appeared in a series of twenty-four books by him) and John Carter (who was a recurring character in a series of eleven books), he also wrote the Pellucidar series, the Amtor series, and the Caspak trilogy.[2] Tarzan was immediately popular, and Burroughs capitalized on it in every possible way, including a syndicated Tarzan comic strip, films, and merchandise. Tarzan remains one of the most successful fictional characters to this day and is a cultural icon. Burroughs's California ranch is now the center of the Tarzana neighborhood in Los Angeles, named after the character.[3] Burroughs was an explicit supporter of eugenics and scientific racism in both his fiction and nonfiction; Tarzan was meant to reflect these concepts. Biography[edit] Early life and family[edit] Burroughs was born on September 1, 1875, in Chicago, Illinois,[a] the fourth son of Major George Tyler Burroughs, a businessman and Civil War veteran, and his wife, Mary Evaline (Zieger) Burroughs. Edgar's middle name is from his paternal grandmother, Mary Coleman Rice Burroughs.[4][5][6] Burroughs was of English and Pennsylvania Dutch ancestry, with a family line that had been in North America since the Colonial era.[7][8] Through his Rice grandmother, Burroughs was descended from settler Edmund Rice, one of the English Puritans who moved to Massachusetts Bay Colony in the early 17th century. He once remarked: "I can trace my ancestry back to Deacon Edmund Rice."[citation needed] The Burroughs side of the family was also of English origin, having emigrated to Massachusetts around the same time. Many of his ancestors fought in the American Revolution. Some of his ancestors settled in Virginia during the colonial period, and Burroughs often emphasized his connection with that side of his family, seeing it as romantic and warlike.[6][8] Burroughs was educated at a number of local schools then at Phillips Academy in Andover, Massachusetts, and then the Michigan Military Academy. He graduated in 1895, but he failed the entrance exam for the United States Military Academy at West Point, so instead he enlisted with the 7th U.S. Cavalry in Fort Grant, Arizona Territory. However, he was diagnosed with a heart problem and thus ineligible to serve, so he was discharged in 1897.[9] Burroughs's bookplate, showing Tarzan holding the planet Mars, surrounded by other characters from his stories and symbols relating to his personal interests and career. Typescript letter, with Tarzana Ranch letterhead, from Burroughs to Ruthven Deane, explaining the design and significance of his bookplate After his discharge, Burroughs worked at a number of different jobs. During the Chicago influenza epidemic of 1891, he spent half a year at his brother's ranch on the Raft River in Idaho as a cowboy. He drifted afterward, then worked at his father's Chicago battery factory in 1899. He married his childhood sweetheart, Emma Hulbert (1876–1944), in January 1900.[citation needed] In 1903, Burroughs joined his brothers, Yale graduates George and Harry, who were, by then, prominent Pocatello area ranchers in southern Idaho, and partners in the Sweetser-Burroughs Mining Company, where he took on managing their ill-fated Snake River gold dredge, a classic bucket-line dredge. The Burroughs brothers were also the sixth cousins, once removed, of famed miner Kate Rice who, in 1914, became the first female prospector in the Canadian North. Journalist and publisher C. Allen Thorndike Rice was also his third cousin.[10] When the new mine proved unsuccessful, the brothers secured for Burroughs a position with the Oregon Short Line Railroad in Salt Lake City.[11] Burroughs resigned from the railroad in October 1904.[12] Later life[edit] By 1911, around age 36, after seven years of low wages as a pencil-sharpener wholesaler, Burroughs began to write fiction. By this time, Emma and he had two children, Joan (1908–1972), and Hulbert (1909–1991).[13] During this period, he had copious spare time and began reading pulp-fiction magazines. In 1929, he recalled thinking that: "[...] if people were paid for writing rot such as I read in some of those magazines, that I could write stories just as rotten. As a matter of fact, although I had never written a story, I knew absolutely that I could write stories just as entertaining and probably a whole lot more so than any I chanced to read in those magazines."[14] In 1913, Burroughs and Emma had their third and last child, John Coleman Burroughs (1913–1979), later known for his illustrations of his father's books.[15] In the 1920s, Burroughs became a pilot, purchased a Security Airster S-1, and encouraged his family to learn to fly.[16][17] Daughter Joan married Tarzan film actor James Pierce. She starred with her husband as the voice of Jane, during 1932–1934 for the Tarzan radio series. Burroughs divorced Emma in 1934, and, in 1935, married the former actress Florence Gilbert Dearholt, who was the former wife of his friend (who was then himself remarrying), Ashton Dearholt, with whom he had co-founded Burroughs-Tarzan Enterprises while filming The New Adventures of Tarzan. Burroughs adopted the Dearholts' two children. He and Florence divorced in 1942.[18] Burroughs was in his late 60s and was in Honolulu at the time of the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor.[19] Despite his age, he applied for and received permission to become a war correspondent, becoming one of the oldest U.S. war correspondents during World War II. This period of his life is mentioned in William Brinkley's bestselling novel Don't Go Near the Water.[20] Death[edit] After the war ended, Burroughs moved back to Encino, California, where after many health problems, he died of a heart attack on March 19, 1950, having written almost 80 novels. He is buried in Tarzana, California, US.[21] At the time of his death he was believed to have been the writer who had made the most from films, earning over US$2 million in royalties from 27 Tarzan pictures.[22] The Science Fiction Hall of Fame inducted Burroughs in 2003.[23][24] Literary career[edit] Aiming his work at the pulps—under the name "Norman Bean" to protect his reputation—Burroughs had his first story, Under the Moons of Mars, serialized by Frank Munsey in the February to July 1912 issues of The All-Story.[25][26][27][b] Under the Moons of Mars inaugurated the Barsoom series, introduced John Carter, and earned Burroughs US$400 ($11,922 today). It was first published as a book by A. C. McClurg of Chicago in 1917, entitled A Princess of Mars, after three Barsoom sequels had appeared as serials and McClurg had published the first four serial Tarzan novels as books.[25] Burroughs soon took up writing full-time, and by the time the run of Under the Moons of Mars had finished, he had completed two novels, including Tarzan of the Apes, published from October 1912 and one of his most successful series.[citation needed] Burroughs also wrote popular science fiction and fantasy stories involving adventurers from Earth transported to various planets (notably Barsoom, Burroughs's fictional name for Mars, and Amtor, his fictional name for Venus), lost islands (Caspak), and into the interior of the Hollow Earth in his Pellucidar stories. He also wrote Westerns and historical romances. Besides those published in All-Story, many of his stories were published in The Argosy magazine.[citation needed] Tarzan was a cultural sensation when introduced. Burroughs was determined to capitalize on Tarzan's popularity in every way possible. He planned to exploit Tarzan through several different media including a syndicated Tarzan comic strip, movies, and merchandise. Experts in the field advised against this course of action, stating that the different media would just end up competing against each other. Burroughs went ahead, however, and proved the experts wrong – the public wanted Tarzan in whatever fashion he was offered. Tarzan remains one of the most successful fictional characters to this day and is a cultural icon.[citation needed] In either 1915 or 1919, Burroughs purchased a large ranch north of Los Angeles, California, which he named "Tarzana". The citizens of the community that sprang up around the ranch voted to adopt that name when their community, Tarzana, California, was formed in 1927.[28] Also, the unincorporated community of Tarzan, Texas, was formally named in 1927 when the US Postal Service accepted the name,[29] reputedly coming from the popularity of the first (silent) Tarzan of the Apes film, starring Elmo Lincoln, and an early "Tarzan" comic strip.[citation needed] In 1923, Burroughs set up his own company, Edgar Rice Burroughs, Inc., and began printing his own books through the 1930s.[30] Reception[edit] Because of the part Burroughs's science fiction played in inspiring real exploration of Mars, an impact crater on Mars was named in his honor after his death.[31] In a Paris Review interview, Ray Bradbury said of Burroughs: "Edgar Rice Burroughs never would have looked upon himself as a social mover and shaker with social obligations. But as it turns out – and I love to say it because it upsets everyone terribly – Burroughs is probably the most influential writer in the entire history of the world. By giving romance and adventure to a whole generation of boys, Burroughs caused them to go out and decide to become special."[32] In Something of Myself (published posthumously in 1937) Rudyard Kipling wrote: "My Jungle Books begat Zoos of [imitators]. But the genius of all the genii was one who wrote a series called Tarzan of the Apes. I read it, but regret I never saw it on the films, where it rages most successfully. He had 'jazzed' the motif of the Jungle Books and, I imagine, had thoroughly enjoyed himself. He was reported to have said that he wanted to find out how bad a book he could write and 'get away with', which is a legitimate ambition."[33] By 1963, Floyd C. Gale of Galaxy Science Fiction wrote when discussing reprints of several Burroughs novels by Ace Books, "an entire generation has grown up inexplicably Burroughs-less". He stated that most of the author's books had been out of print for years and that only the "occasional laughable Tarzan film" reminded the public of his fiction.[34] Gale reported his surprise that after two decades his books were again available, with Canaveral Press, Dover Publications, and Ballantine Books also reprinting them.[35] Few critical books have been written about Burroughs. From an academic standpoint, the most helpful are Erling Holtsmark's two books: Tarzan and Tradition[36] and Edgar Rice Burroughs;[37] Stan Galloway's The Teenage Tarzan: A Literary Analysis of Edgar Rice Burroughs' Jungle Tales of Tarzan;[38] and Richard Lupoff's two books: Master of Adventure: Edgar Rice Burroughs[39] and Barsoom: Edgar Rice Burroughs and the Martian Vision.[40] Galloway was identified by James Edwin Gunn as "one of the half-dozen finest Burroughs scholars in the world";[41] Galloway called Holtsmark his "most important predecessor".[42] Burroughs strongly supported eugenics and scientific racism. His views held that English nobles made up a particular heritable elite among Anglo-Saxons. Tarzan was meant to reflect this, with him being born to English nobles and then adopted by talking apes (the Mangani). They express eugenicist views themselves, but Tarzan is permitted to live despite being deemed "unfit" in comparison and grows up to surpass not only them but black Africans, whom Burroughs clearly presents as inherently inferior. In one Tarzan story, he finds an ancient civilization where eugenics has been practiced for over 2,000 years, with the result that it is free of all crime. Criminal behavior is held to be entirely hereditary, with the solution having been to kill not only criminals but also their families. Lost on Venus, a later novel, presents a similar utopia where forced sterilization is practiced and the "unfit" are killed. Burroughs explicitly supported such ideas in his unpublished nonfiction essay I See A New Race. Additionally, his Pirate Blood, which is not speculative fiction and remained unpublished after his death, portrayed the characters as victims of their hereditary criminal traits (one a descendant of the corsair Jean Lafitte, another from the Jukes family).[43] These views have been compared with Nazi eugenics (though noting that they were popular and common at the time), with his Lost on Venus being released the same year the Nazis took power (in 1933).[44] In 2003, Burroughs was inducted into the Science Fiction and Fantasy Hall of Fame.[45] Selected works[edit] Main article: Edgar Rice Burroughs bibliography Barsoom series (aka Martian series)[edit] Main article: Barsoom A Princess of Mars (1912) The Gods of Mars (1913) The Warlord of Mars (1914) Thuvia, Maid of Mars (1916) The Chessmen of Mars (1922) The Master Mind of Mars (1927) A Fighting Man of Mars (1930) Swords of Mars (1934) Synthetic Men of Mars (1939) Llana of Gathol (1941) John Carter of Mars (1964, two stories from 1940 and 1943) Tarzan series[edit] Main article: Tarzan Tarzan of the Apes (1912) The Return of Tarzan (1913) The Beasts of Tarzan (1914) The Son of Tarzan (1915) Tarzan and the Jewels of Opar (1916) Jungle Tales of Tarzan (stories 1916–1917) Tarzan the Untamed (1919) Tarzan the Terrible (1921) Tarzan and the Golden Lion (1922) Tarzan and the Ant Men (1924) Tarzan, Lord of the Jungle (1927) Tarzan and the Lost Empire (1928) Tarzan at the Earth's Core (1929) Tarzan the Invincible (1930) Tarzan Triumphant (1931) Tarzan and the City of Gold (1932) Tarzan and the Lion Man (1933) Tarzan and the Leopard Men (1932) Tarzan's Quest (1935) Tarzan the Magnificent (1936) Tarzan and the Forbidden City (1938) Tarzan and the Foreign Legion (1947, written in 1944) Tarzan and the Tarzan Twins (1963, collects 1927 and 1936 children's books) Tarzan and the Madman (1964, written in 1940) Tarzan and the Castaways (1965, stories from 1940 to 1941) Tarzan: The Lost Adventure (1995, rewritten version of 1946 fragment, completed by Joe R. Lansdale) Pellucidar series[edit] Main article: Pellucidar At the Earth's Core (1914) Pellucidar (1915) Tanar of Pellucidar (1929) Tarzan at the Earth's Core (1929) Back to the Stone Age (1937) Land of Terror (1944, written in 1939) Savage Pellucidar (1963, stories from 1942) Venus series[edit] Main article: Venus series Pirates of Venus (1932) Lost on Venus (1933) Carson of Venus (1938) Escape on Venus (1946, stories from 1941 to 1942) The Wizard of Venus (1970, written in 1941) Caspak series[edit] The Land That Time Forgot (1918) The People That Time Forgot (1918) Out of Time's Abyss (1918) Moon series[edit] Part I: The Moon Maid (1923, serialized in Argosy, May 5 – June 2, 1923) Part II: The Moon Men (1925, serialized in Argosy, February 21 – March 14, 1925) Part III: The Red Hawk (1925 serialized in Argosy, September 5–19, 1925) These three texts have been published by various houses in one or two volumes. Adding to the confusion, some editions have the original (significantly longer) introduction to Part I from the first publication as a magazine serial, and others have the shorter version from the first book publication, which included all three parts under the title The Moon Maid.[46] Mucker series[edit] The Mucker (1914) The Return of the Mucker (1916) The Oakdale Affair (1918) Other science fiction[edit] The Monster Men (1913) The Lost Continent (1916; a.k.a. Beyond Thirty) The Resurrection of Jimber-Jaw (1937) Beyond the Farthest Star (1942) Jungle adventure novels[edit] The Cave Girl (1913, revised 1917) The Eternal Lover (1914, rev. 1915; A.K.A. The Eternal Savage) The Man-Eater (1915) The Lad and the Lion (1917) Jungle Girl (1931; A.K.A. The Land of Hidden Men) Western novels[edit] The Bandit of Hell's Bend (1924) The War Chief (1927) Apache Devil (1933) The Deputy Sheriff of Comanche County (1940) Historical novels[edit] The Outlaw of Torn (1914) I am a Barbarian (1967; written in 1941) Other works[edit] Minidoka: 937th Earl of One Mile Series M (1998; written in 1903) The Mad King (1914, rev. 1915) The Girl from Farris's  [d] (1916) The full text of The Girl from Farris's at Wikisource The Rider (1918) The Efficiency Expert (1921) The Girl from Hollywood (1922) Marcia of the Doorstep (1924) You Lucky Girl! (1927) Pirate Blood (1970; written in 1932) Forgotten Tales of Love and Murder (2001; stories from 1910 to 1944) Brother Men (2005; nonfiction) See also[edit] Biography portalSpeculative fiction portal Edgar Rice Burroughs, Inc. Mars in fiction Otis Adelbert Kline Sword and planet Explanatory notes[edit] ^ He later lived for many years in the Chicago suburb Oak Park. ^ A poem by Burroughs was published on October 15, 1910, in the Chicago Tribune as "by Normal Bean", and two more were published in the Tribune in 1914 and 1915.[25] "Norman" was an All-Story typesetter's presumptive correction of "Normal".[27] Burroughs used his own name for his other publications.[25] References[edit] ^ "Inkpot Award". comic-con.org. December 6, 2012. Archived from the original on January 29, 2017. Retrieved September 12, 2020. ^ "Original Works < Edgar Rice Burroughs". Edgar Rice Burroughs. Archived from the original on December 26, 2023. Retrieved December 26, 2023. ^ "Tarzana and Tarzana Ranch, California". tarzana.ca. Archived from the original on December 23, 2023. Retrieved December 26, 2023. ^ Descendants of Edmund Rice: The First Nine Generations (CD ed.). 2010. ^ "Edmund Rice Six-Generation Database Online". Edmund Rice (1638) Association. Archived from the original on July 25, 2011. Retrieved January 27, 2011. ^ a b Schneider, Jerry L (2004). The Ancestry of Edgar Rice Burroughs (Google Books). Erbville Press. p. 296. ISBN 978-1-4357-4972-6. ^ "Edgar Rice Burroughs". globalfirstsandfacts.com. August 16, 2017. Archived from the original on March 12, 2018. Retrieved March 12, 2018. ^ a b Taliaferro, John. Tarzan Forever: The Life of Edgar Rice Burroughs, Creator of Tarzan. pp. 15, 27. ^ Slotkin, Richard (1998). Gunfighter Nation. University of Oklahoma Press. p. 196. ISBN 0-8061-3031-8. ^ Rice, Michael A. "Meet Some of Edmund Rice's Descendants: Notable Writers & Entertainers" (PDF). Edmund Rice (1638) Association, Inc. p. 11. Archived from the original (PDF) on September 24, 2015. Retrieved October 11, 2017. ^ John, Finn (March 8, 2015). "Ill-starred gold-mining venture worked out well for Tarzan fans". Offbeat Oregon. Archived from the original on August 4, 2017. Retrieved October 11, 2017. ^ Holtsmark 1986, pp. 3–4. ^ Holtsmark 1986, p. 5. ^ Burroughs, Edgar Rice (October 27, 1929). "How I Wrote the Tarzan Stories". Washington Post, New York World (Sunday supplement). ERBZine.com. Archived from the original on September 4, 2010. Retrieved September 4, 2010. ^ Nelson, V. J. (May 15, 2008). "Obituaries / Danton Burroughs, 1944 – 2008; Tarzan Creator's Heir Protected the Legacy". Los Angeles Times – via ProQuest. ^ "A Plane-Crazy America". AOPA Pilot. May 2014. ^ "Joan Burroughs". Archived from the original on August 3, 2015. Retrieved February 14, 2015. ^ Holtsmark 1986, pp. 12–13. ^ Toland, John (1970). The Rising Sun (2003 Modern Library Paperback ed.). Random House. p. 220. ISBN 0-8129-6858-1. ^ "Edgar Rice Burroughs | Biography, Books, & Facts | Britannica". www.britannica.com. February 19, 2024. Retrieved March 1, 2024. ^ Holtsmark 1986, pp. 13–15. ^ "'Tarzan' Paid Off Big to Burroughs". Variety. March 22, 1950. p. 7. Retrieved April 2, 2018. ^ "Burroughs, Edgar Rice" Archived October 16, 2012, at the Wayback Machine. The Locus Index to SF Awards: Index of Literary Nominees. Locus Publications. Retrieved April 8, 2013. ^ Science Fiction and Fantasy Hall of Fame (official website of the hall of fame to 2004), Mid American Science Fiction and Fantasy Conventions, archived from the original on May 21, 2013, retrieved March 22, 2013. ^ a b c d Edgar Rice Burroughs at the Internet Speculative Fiction Database (ISFDB). Retrieved April 8, 2013. ^ "The Hillmans' Virtual Visit to The Nell Dismukes McWhorter Memorial Edgar Rice Burroughs Collection Archived July 30, 2020, at the Wayback Machine" (with photographs). ERBzine 4(19). ^ a b Robinson, Frank M. 2000. "The Story Behind the Original All-Story." American Zoetrope 4(1). Archived from the original on March 16, 2013. Retrieved April 8, 2013. ^ Tarzana Community Profile (PDF), US: NOAA, archived from the original (PDF) on February 4, 2012, retrieved July 4, 2012. ^ Holtsmark 1986, pp. 9–10. ^ "Edgar Rice Burroughs, Inc. Celebrates a Century in Publishing". lapl.org. Archived from the original on January 23, 2024. Retrieved January 23, 2024. ^ Sagan, Carl (May 28, 1978). "Growing up with Science Fiction". The New York Times. p. SM7. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on December 11, 2018. Retrieved December 12, 2018. ^ Weller, Interviewed by Sam (February 4, 2019). "Ray Bradbury, The Art of Fiction No. 203". theparisreview.org. Vol. Spring 2010, no. 192. Archived from the original on February 17, 2019. Retrieved February 4, 2019. ^ Kipling, Rudyard (1937). "8: Working Tools". Something of Myself. London: Macmillan & Co. ^ Gale, Floyd C. (June 1963). "Galaxy's 5 Star Shelf". Galaxy Science Fiction. pp. 135–138. ^ Gale, Floyd C. (October 1963). "Galaxy's 5 Star Shelf". Galaxy Science Fiction. pp. 119–123. ^ Holtsmark, Erling B. Tarzan and Tradition: Classical Myth in Popular Literature. Westport, CT: Greenwood, 1981. ^ Holtsmark, Erling B. Edgar Rice Burroughs. Twayne's United States Author Series. Boston: Twayne, 1986. ^ Galloway, Stan. The Teenage Tarzan: A Literary Analysis of Edgar Rice Burroughs' Jungle Tales of Tarzan. Jefferson, NC: McFarland, 2010. ^ Lupoff, Richard. Master of Adventure: Edgar Rice Burroughs. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2005. ^ Lupoff, Richard. Barsoom: Edgar Rice Burroughs and the Martian Vision. Baltimore: Mirage Press, 1976. ^ Gunn, James. Foreword. The Teenage Tarzan by Stan Galloway. Jefferson, NC: McFarland, 2010. p. 3. ^ Preface. p. 5. ^ Disney's Tarzan, Edgar Rice Burroughs' Eugenics, and Visions of Utopian Perfection Archived September 12, 2020, at the Wayback Machine, J. David Smith; Alison L. Mitchell Ment Retard (2001) 39 (3): 221–225. ^ Edgar Rice Burroughs's Venus, Part 2: Lost on Venus Archived September 12, 2020, at the Wayback Machine, by Ryan Harvey, August 30, 2011, Black Gate Magazine. ^ "Science Fiction Hall of Fame - Winners by Year". SFADB. Archived from the original on August 3, 2017. Retrieved December 6, 2022. ^ ERBzine, archived from the original on August 22, 2007, retrieved November 15, 2007. Bibliography[edit] Holtsmark, Erling B. (1986), Edgar Rice Burroughs, Boston: Twain, ISBN 0-8057-7459-9 Spence, Clark C. (2015), History of Gold Dredging in Idaho, Boulder: University Press of Colorado, ISBN 978-1-60732-474-4 Porges, Irwin (1975), Edgar Rice Burroughs: The Man Who Created Tarzan, Salt Lake City: Brigham Young University Press Further reading[edit] Master of Adventure: The Worlds of Edgar Rice Burroughs by Richard A. Lupoff Tarzan Forever: The Life of Edgar Rice Burroughs, Creator of Tarzan by John Taliaferro Golden Anniversary Bibliography of Edgar Rice Burroughs by the Rev. Henry Hardy Heins Tarzan Alive by Philip Jose Farmer Burroughs's Science Fiction by Robert R. Kudlay and Joan Leiby Tarzan and Tradition and Edgar Rice Burroughs by Erling B. Holtsmark Edgar Rice Burroughs by Irwin Porges Edgar Rice Burroughs by Robert B. Zeuschner The Burroughs Cyclopædia ed. by Clark A. Brady A Guide to Barsoom by John Flint Roy Tarzan: the Centennial Celebration by Scott Tracy Griffin Edgar Rice Burroughs: The Descriptive Bibliography of the Grosset & Dunlap Reprints by B. J. Lukes External links[edit] Works by Edgar Rice Burroughs in eBook form at Standard Ebooks Works by Edgar Rice Burroughs at Project Gutenberg Works by Edgar Rice Burroughs at Project Gutenberg Australia Works by Edgar Rice Burroughs at Faded Page (Canada) Works by or about Edgar Rice Burroughs at the Internet Archive Edgar Rice Burroughs at Library of Congress, with 347 library catalog records Works by Edgar Rice Burroughs at LibriVox (public domain audiobooks) [1] Complete Edgar Rice Burroughs Illustrated Bibliography by Bill Hillman's ERBzine.com Edgar Rice Burroughs at Wikipedia's sister projects Media from CommonsQuotations from WikiquoteTexts from WikisourceData from Wikidata Edgar Rice Burroughs, Inc. (official website) Bibliography on SciFan Edgar Rice Burroughs at the Internet Speculative Fiction Database Works by Edgar Rice Burroughs[dead link] / 1st UK editions list with pictures of the books Archived February 23, 2022, at the Wayback Machine "Edgar Rice Burroughs biography". Science Fiction and Fantasy Hall of Fame. The Fantastic Worlds of Edgar Rice Burroughs (podcasts) ERBzine.com [2] list of UK 1st edition paperbacks vteEdgar Rice Burroughs (works)Tarzan novels Tarzan of the Apes (1912) The Return of Tarzan (1913) The Beasts of Tarzan (1914) The Son of Tarzan (1915) Tarzan and the Jewels of Opar (1916) Tarzan the Terrible (1921) Tarzan and the Golden Lion (1922/23) Tarzan and the Ant Men (1924) Tarzan, Lord of the Jungle (1927/28) Tarzan and the Lost Empire (1928/29) Tarzan at the Earth's Core (1929/30) Tarzan the Invincible (1930/31) Tarzan Triumphant (1931/32) Tarzan and the City of Gold (1932) Tarzan and the Lion Man (1933/34) Tarzan and the Leopard Men (1932/33) Tarzan's Quest (1935/36) Tarzan and the Forbidden City (1938) Tarzan and the Foreign Legion (1947) Tarzan and the Madman (1964) Tarzan: The Lost Adventure (1995) Tarzan collections Jungle Tales of Tarzan (1919) Tarzan the Untamed (1920) Tarzan the Magnificent (1939) Tarzan and the Tarzan Twins (1963) Tarzan and the Castaways (1965) Tarzanshort stories Tarzan's First Love (1916) The Capture of Tarzan (1916) The Fight for the Balu (1916) The God of Tarzan (1916) Tarzan and the Black Boy (1917) The Witch-Doctor Seeks Vengeance (1917) The End of Bukawai (1917) The Lion (1917) The Nightmare (1917) The Battle for Teeka (1917) A Jungle Joke (1917) Tarzan Rescues the Moon (1917) Tarzan the Untamed (1919) Tarzan and the Valley of Luna (1920) The Tarzan Twins (1927) Tarzan and the Tarzan Twins with Jad-Bal-Ja the Golden Lion (1936) Tarzan and the Magic Men (1936) Tarzan and the Elephant Men (1937/38) Tarzan and the Champion (1940) Tarzan and the Jungle Murders (1940) Tarzan and the Castaways (1941) Other jungleadventures The Man-Eater (1915) The Cave Girl (1925) The Eternal Lover (1925) Jungle Girl (1932) The Lad and the Lion (1938) Martian series A Princess of Mars (1917) The Gods of Mars (1918) The Warlord of Mars (1919) Thuvia, Maid of Mars (1920) The Chessmen of Mars (1922) The Master Mind of Mars (1928) A Fighting Man of Mars (1931) Swords of Mars (1936) Synthetic Men of Mars (1940) Llana of Gathol (1948) John Carter of Mars (1964) Pellucidar series At the Earth's Core (1914) Pellucidar (1915) Tanar of Pellucidar (1929) Tarzan at the Earth's Core (1929) Back to the Stone Age (1937) Land of Terror (1944) Savage Pellucidar (1963) Venus series Pirates of Venus (1934) Lost on Venus (1935) Carson of Venus (1939) Escape on Venus (1946) The Wizard of Venus (1964) Caspak series The Land That Time Forgot (1918) The People That Time Forgot (1918) Out of Time's Abyss (1918) Otherspeculative fiction Beyond Thirty (1915) The Moon Maid (1926) The Monster Men (1929) "The Resurrection of Jimber-Jaw" (1937) Beyond the Farthest Star (1941) Tales of Three Planets (1964) Westerns The Bandit of Hell's Bend (1926) The War Chief (1927) Apache Devil (1933) The Deputy Sheriff of Comanche County (1940) Historical novels The Outlaw of Torn (1914/1927) I Am a Barbarian (1967) Ruritanian romances The Rider (1918) The Mad King (1926) Contemporarynovels The Mucker (1914/16) The Girl from Farris's (1916) The Oakdale Affair (1918) The Efficiency Expert (1921) The Girl from Hollywood (1923) Pirate Blood (1970) Marcia of the Doorstep (1999) Other works The Oakdale Affair and The Rider (1937) Beyond Thirty and The Man-Eater (1957) Minidoka: 937th Earl of One Mile Series M (1998) You Lucky Girl! (1999) Forgotten Tales of Love and Murder (2001) Brother Men (2005) Related Florence Gilbert (second wife) John Coleman Burroughs (son) Edgar Rice Burroughs, Inc. Tarzana, Los Angeles Tarzan, Texas vteTarzan by Edgar Rice BurroughsLiteratureEdgar Rice Burroughs'official canon Tarzan of the Apes (1912) The Return of Tarzan (1913) The Beasts of Tarzan (1914) The Son of Tarzan (1915) Tarzan and the Jewels of Opar (1916) Jungle Tales of Tarzan (1919) Tarzan the Untamed (1920) Tarzan the Terrible (1921) Tarzan and the Golden Lion (1922/23) Tarzan and the Ant Men (1924) Tarzan, Lord of the Jungle (1927/28) Tarzan and the Lost Empire (1928/29) Tarzan at the Earth's Core (1929/30) Tarzan the Invincible (1930/31) Tarzan Triumphant (1931/32) Tarzan and the City of Gold (1932) Tarzan and the Lion Man (1933/34) Tarzan and the Leopard Men (1932/33) Tarzan's Quest (1935/36) Tarzan and the Forbidden City (1938) Tarzan the Magnificent (1939) Tarzan and the Foreign Legion (1947) Tarzan and the Madman (1964) Tarzan and the Castaways (1965) Related works The Eternal Lover (1925) The Mad King (1926) Tarzan and the Tarzan Twins (1963) Tarzan: The Lost Adventure (1995) Licensed works Tarzan and the Valley of Gold (1966) Hadon of Ancient Opar (1974) Bunduki (1975) Flight to Opar (1976) Tarzan: The Epic Adventures (1996) The Dark Heart of Time (1999) The Adventures of Tarzan (1921/2006) Tarzan: The Greystoke Legacy (2011) Tarzan: Return to Pal-ul-don (2015) Tarzan on the Precipice (2016) King Kong vs. Tarzan (2016) Tarzan Trilogy (2016) Tarzan: The Greystoke Legacy Under Siege (2017) FilmsSilent films Tarzan of the Apes (1918) The Romance of Tarzan (1918) The Revenge of Tarzan (1920) The Son of Tarzan (1920) The Adventures of Tarzan (1921) Tarzan and the Golden Lion (1927) Tarzan the Mighty (1928) Tarzan the Tiger (1929) 1930s theatrical films Tarzan the Fearless (1933) The New Adventures of Tarzan (1935) Tarzan's Revenge (1938) MGM/RKO film seriesJohnny Weissmuller Tarzan the Ape Man (1932) Tarzan and His Mate (1934) Tarzan Escapes (1936) Tarzan Finds a Son! (1939) Tarzan's Secret Treasure (1941) Tarzan's New York Adventure (1942) Tarzan Triumphs (1943) Tarzan's Desert Mystery (1943) Tarzan and the Amazons (1945) Tarzan and the Leopard Woman (1946) Tarzan and the Huntress (1947) Tarzan and the Mermaids (1948) Lex Barker Tarzan's Magic Fountain (1949) Tarzan and the Slave Girl (1950) Tarzan's Peril (1951) Tarzan's Savage Fury (1952) Tarzan and the She-Devil (1953) Gordon Scott Tarzan's Hidden Jungle (1955) Tarzan and the Lost Safari (1957) Tarzan and the Trappers (1958) Tarzan's Fight for Life (1958) Tarzan's Greatest Adventure (1959) Tarzan the Magnificent (1960) Jock Mahoney Tarzan Goes to India (1962) Tarzan's Three Challenges (1963) Mike Henry Tarzan and the Valley of Gold (1966) Tarzan and the Great River (1967) Tarzan and the Jungle Boy (1968) Remakes Tarzan, the Ape Man (1959) Tarzan, the Ape Man (1981) Warner Bros. films Greystoke: The Legend of Tarzan (1984) Tarzan and the Lost City (1998) The Legend of Tarzan (2016) Television films Tarzan's Jungle Rebellion (1967) Tarzan's Deadly Silence (1970) Tarzan in Manhattan (1989) Disney animated films Tarzan (1999) Tarzan & Jane (2002) Tarzan II (2005) Other animated films Tarzan of the Apes (1999) Tarzan (2013) Related documentaries Investigating Tarzan (1997) Non-English language Vanaraja Karzan (1938) Tarzan and the Brown Prince (1972) Adventures of Tarzan (1985) Tarzan Ki Beti (2002) TelevisionSeries Tarzan (1966–1968) Tarzan, Lord of the Jungle (1976–1980) Tarzán (1991–1994) Tarzan: The Epic Adventures (1996–1997) The Legend of Tarzan (2001–2003) Tarzan (2003) Tarzan and Jane (2017–2018) Adventure hours The Batman/Tarzan Adventure Hour The Tarzan/Lone Ranger Adventure Hour Tarzan and the Super 7 CharactersPeople Tarzan Jane Porter Harry Holt Korak La Meriem Muviro Waziri William Cecil Clayton Animals Cheeta Jad-bal-ja Kala Kerchak Mangani Nkima Tantor Tublat Disney version misc.Adaptations Musical Tarzan Rocks! Tarzan's Treehouse Video games Disney's Tarzan Activity Center Kingdom Hearts Disney's Extreme Skate Adventure Music and radioDisney Soundtrack "You'll Be in My Heart" "Strangers Like Me" "Son of Man" "Two Worlds" Radio Tarzan (radio program) Other "Gitarzan" (1969) "Jungle Boogie" (1973) "Tarzan Boy" (1985) "Tarzan & Jane" (1998) MiscellaneousSpeech Kreegah bundolo Tarzan yell Games Jungle Lord Tarzan: Lord of the Jungle Disney's Tarzan Tarzan: Untamed Disney's Tarzan: Return to the Jungle Comics Tarzanesque Tarzan vs. Predator: At the Earth's Core Batman/Tarzan: Claws of the Cat-woman Superman/Tarzan: Sons of the Jungle Tarzan on the Planet of the Apes Tarzan: The Complete Russ Manning Newspaper Strips General Edgar Rice Burroughs, Inc. Tarzan Alive: A Definitive Biography of Lord Greystoke "Brothers of the Spear" Opar Pellucidar Starzan: Shouting Star of the Jungle Tarzan and Jane (musical) Tarzana, Los Angeles Zone (play) vteEdgar Rice Burroughs's BarsoomCharacters John Carter of Mars Ulysses Paxton Dejah Thoris Tars Tarkas Ras Thavas Literature series A Princess of Mars The Gods of Mars The Warlord of Mars Thuvia, Maid of Mars The Chessmen of Mars The Master Mind of Mars A Fighting Man of Mars Swords of Mars Synthetic Men of Mars Llana of Gathol John Carter of Mars Films Princess of Mars (2009) John Carter (2012) Games Warriors of Mars John Carter, Warlord of Mars (role-playing game) Jetan John Carter: Warlord of Mars (board game) Culture Kaldane Tharks Barsoomian language Other John Carter, Warlord of Mars (comics) The Number of the Beast (novel) "Sir Harold of Zodanga" (short story) "Mars: The Home Front" (short story) Rainbow Mars (short story collection) Weird Worlds (comics) Burroughs (Martian crater) Related Edgar Rice Burroughs, Inc. James Cameron's Avatar franchise vteEdgar Rice Burroughs's Caspak trilogyNovels The Land That Time Forgot The People That Time Forgot Out of Time's Abyss Adaptations The Land That Time Forgot (1974) The People That Time Forgot The Land That Time Forgot (2009) Other media Creation (unfinished film) The War that Time Forgot (comics) Where Time Stood Still (game) vteInkpot Award (1970s)1974 Forrest J. Ackerman Ray Bradbury Kirk Alyn Milton Caniff Frank Capra Bob Clampett June Foray Eric Hoffman Chuck Jones Jack Kirby Stan Lee William R. "Bill" Lund Russ Manning Russell Myers Charles M. Schulz Phil Seuling Roy Thomas Bjo Trimble 1975 Barry Alfonso Brad Anderson Robert Bloch Vaughn Bodé Edgar Rice Burroughs Daws Butler Richard Butner Shel Dorf Will Eisner Mark Evanier Gil Kane Alan Light Dick Moores George Pal Rod Serling Joe Shuster Jerry Siegel Barry Windsor-Smith Jim Starlin Jim Steranko Theodore Sturgeon Larry Vincent 1976 Neal Adams Sergio Aragonés Mel Blanc Frank Brunner Rick Griffin Johnny Hart George Clayton Johnson Vicky Kelso Mel Lazarus Sheldon Mayer Dale Messick Alex Niño Don Rico Don Thompson Maggie Thompson 1977 Alfredo Alcala Carl Barks C. C. Beck Howard Chaykin Lester Dent Jackie Estrada Hal Foster Walter "The Shadow" Gibson Jim Harmon Robert A. Heinlein Gene Henderson Michael Kaluta Joe Kubert Harvey Kurtzman George Lucas Stan Lynde Byron Preiss Trina Robbins Stanley Ralph Ross Bill Scott David Scroggy Jay Ward Len Wein 1978 John Buscema Al Capp Gene Colan Gill Fox Tom French Steve Gerber Chester Gould Burne Hogarth Bob Kane Ken Krueger Bernie Lansky Gray Morrow Clarence Nash Grim Natwick Bill Rotsler Mike Royer Gilbert Shelton Dave Sheridan Bill Stout Frank Thorne Boris Vallejo Mort Weisinger Elmer Woggon 1979 Craig Anderson Steve Englehart Dale Enzenbacher Kelly Freas Virginia French H. R. Giger Gene Hazelton Carl Macek Victor Moscoso Larry Niven Dan O'Neill Virgil Partch Jerry Pournelle Nestor Redondo Marshall Rogers John Romita Sr. Bill Spicer Mort Walker Marv Wolfman Complete list 1970s 1980s 1990s 2000s 2010s Authority control databases InternationalISNIVIAFFASTWorldCatNationalGermanyUnited StatesFranceBnF dataJapanAustraliaCzech RepublicSpainPortugalNetherlandsNorwayLatviaCroatiaChileGreeceArgentinaKoreaSwedenPolandIsraelFinlandCataloniaBelgiumAcademicsCiNiiArtistsMusicBrainzPeopleTroveDeutsche BiographieOtherIdRefSNAC
CHAPTER I ON THE ARIZONA HILLS
I am a very old man; how old I do not know. Possibly I am a hundred, possibly more; but I cannot tell because I have never aged as other men, nor do I remember any childhood. So far as I can recollect I have always been a man, a man of about thirty. I appear today as I did forty years and more ago, and yet I feel that I cannot go on living forever; that some day I shall die the real death from which there is no resurrection. I do not know why I should fear death, I who have died twice and am still alive; but yet I have the same horror of it as you who have never died, and it is because of this terror of death, I believe, that I am so convinced of my mortality.
And because of this conviction I have determined to write down the story of the interesting periods of my life and of my death. I cannot explain the phenomena; I can only set down here in the words of an ordinary soldier of fortune a chronicle of the strange events that befell me during the ten years that my dead body lay undiscovered in an Arizona cave.
I have never told this story, nor shall mortal man see this manuscript until after I have passed over for eternity. I know that the average human mind will not believe what it cannot grasp, and so I do not purpose being pilloried by the public, the pulpit, and the press, and held up as a colossal liar when I am but telling the simple truths which some day science will substantiate. Possibly the suggestions which I gained upon Mars, and the knowledge which I can set down in this chronicle, will aid in an earlier understanding of the mysteries of our sister planet; mysteries to you, but no longer mysteries to me.
My name is John Carter; I am better known as Captain Jack Carter of Virginia. At the close of the Civil War I found myself possessed of several hundred thousand dollars (Confederate) and a captain's commission in the cavalry arm of an army which no longer existed; the servant of a state which had vanished with the hopes of the South. Masterless, penniless, and with my only means of livelihood, fighting, gone, I determined to work my way to the southwest and attempt to retrieve my fallen fortunes in a search for gold.
I spent nearly a year prospecting in company with another Confederate officer, Captain James K. Powell of Richmond. We were extremely fortunate, for late in the winter of 1865, after many hardships and privations, we located the most remarkable gold-bearing quartz vein that our wildest dreams had ever pictured. Powell, who was a mining engineer by education, stated that we had uncovered over a million dollars worth of ore in a trifle over three months.
As our equipment was crude in the extreme we decided that one of us must return to civilization, purchase the necessary machinery and return with a sufficient force of men properly to work the mine. As Powell was familiar with the country, as well as with the mechanical requirements of mining we determined that it would be best for him to make the trip. It was agreed that I was to hold down our claim against the remote possibility of its being jumped by some wandering prospector.
On March 3, 1866, Powell and I packed his provisions on two of our burros, and bidding me good-bye he mounted his horse, and started down the mountainside toward the valley, across which led the first stage of his journey.
The morning of Powell's departure was, like nearly all Arizona mornings, clear and beautiful; I could see him and his little pack animals picking their way down the mountainside toward the valley, and all during the morning I would catch occasional glimpses of them as they topped a hog back or came out upon a level plateau. My last sight of Powell was about three in the afternoon as he entered the shadows of the range on the opposite side of the valley.
Some half hour later I happened to glance casually across the valley and was much surprised to note three little dots in about the same place I had last seen my friend and his two pack animals. I am not given to needless worrying, but the more I tried to convince myself that all was well with Powell, and that the dots I had seen on his trail were antelope or wild horses, the less I was able to assure myself.
Since we had entered the territory we had not seen a hostile Indian, and we had, therefore, become careless in the extreme, and were wont to ridicule the stories we had heard of the great numbers of these vicious marauders that were supposed to haunt the trails, taking their toll in lives and torture of every white party which fell into their merciless clutches.
Powell, I knew, was well armed and, further, an experienced Indian fighter; but I too had lived and fought for years among the Sioux in the North, and I knew that his chances were small against a party of cunning trailing Apaches. Finally I could endure the suspense no longer, and, arming myself with my two Colt revolvers and a carbine, I strapped two belts of cartridges about me and catching my saddle horse, started down the trail taken by Powell in the morning.
As soon as I reached comparatively level ground I urged my mount into a canter and continued this, where the going permitted, until, close upon dusk, I discovered the point where other tracks joined those of Powell. They were the tracks of unshod ponies, three of them, and the ponies had been galloping. I followed rapidly until, darkness shutting down, I was forced to await the rising of the moon, and given an opportunity to speculate on the question of the wisdom of my chase. Possibly I had conjured up impossible dangers, like some nervous old housewife, and when I should catch up with Powell would get a good laugh for my pains. However, I am not prone to sensitiveness, and the following of a sense of duty, wherever it may lead, has always been a kind of fetich with me throughout my life; which may account for the honors bestowed upon me by three republics and the decorations and friendships of an old and powerful emperor and several lesser kings, in whose service my sword has been red many a time.
About nine o'clock the moon was sufficiently bright for me to proceed on my way and I had no difficulty in following the trail at a fast walk, and in some places at a brisk trot until, about midnight, I reached the water hole where Powell had expected to camp. I came upon the spot unexpectedly, finding it entirely deserted, with no signs of having been recently occupied as a camp.
I was interested to note that the tracks of the pursuing horsemen, for such I was now convinced they must be, continued after Powell with only a brief stop at the hole for water; and always at the same rate of speed as his. I was positive now that the trailers were Apaches and that they wished to capture Powell alive for the fiendish pleasure of the torture, so I urged my horse onward at a most dangerous pace, hoping against hope that I would catch up with the red rascals before they attacked him.
Further speculation was suddenly cut short by the faint report of two shots far ahead of me. I knew that Powell would need me now if ever, and I instantly urged my horse to his topmost speed up the narrow and difficult mountain trail.
I had forged ahead for perhaps a mile or more without hearing further sounds, when the trail suddenly debouched onto a small, open plateau near the summit of the pass. I had passed through a narrow, overhanging gorge just before entering suddenly upon this table land, and the sight which met my eyes filled me with consternation and dismay.
The little stretch of level land was white with Indian tepees, and there were probably half a thousand red warriors clustered around some object near the center of the camp. Their attention was so wholly riveted to this point of interest that they did not notice me, and I easily could have turned back into the dark recesses of the gorge and made my escape with perfect safety. The fact, however, that this thought did not occur to me until the following day removes any possible right to a claim to heroism to which the narration of this episode might possibly otherwise entitle me.
I do not believe that I am made of the stuff which constitutes heroes, because, in all of the hundreds of instances that my voluntary acts have placed me face to face with death, I cannot recall a single one where any alternative step to that I took occurred to me until many hours later. My mind is evidently so constituted that I am subconsciously forced into the path of duty without recourse to tiresome mental processes. However that may be, I have never regretted that cowardice is not optional with me.
In this instance I was, of course, positive that Powell was the center of attraction, but whether I thought or acted first I do not know, but within an instant from the moment the scene broke upon my view I had whipped out my revolvers and was charging down upon the entire army of warriors, shooting rapidly, and whooping at the top of my lungs. Singlehanded, I could not have pursued better tactics, for the red men, convinced by sudden surprise that not less than a regiment of regulars was upon them, turned and fled in every direction for their bows, arrows, and rifles.
The view which their hurried routing disclosed filled me with apprehension and with rage. Under the clear rays of the Arizona moon lay Powell, his body fairly bristling with the hostile arrows of the braves. That he was already dead I could not but be convinced, and yet I would have saved his body from mutilation at the hands of the Apaches as quickly as I would have saved the man himself from death.
Riding close to him I reached down from the saddle, and grasping his cartridge belt drew him up across the withers of my mount. A backward glance convinced me that to return by the way I had come would be more hazardous than to continue across the plateau, so, putting spurs to my poor beast, I made a dash for the opening to the pass which I could distinguish on the far side of the table land.
The Indians had by this time discovered that I was alone and I was pursued with imprecations, arrows, and rifle balls. The fact that it is difficult to aim anything but imprecations accurately by moonlight, that they were upset by the sudden and unexpected manner of my advent, and that I was a rather rapidly moving target saved me from the various deadly projectiles of the enemy and permitted me to reach the shadows of the surrounding peaks before an orderly pursuit could be organized.
My horse was traveling practically unguided as I knew that I had probably less knowledge of the exact location of the trail to the pass than he, and thus it happened that he entered a defile which led to the summit of the range and not to the pass which I had hoped would carry me to the valley and to safety. It is probable, however, that to this fact I owe my life and the remarkable experiences and adventures which befell me during the following ten years.
My first knowledge that I was on the wrong trail came when I heard the yells of the pursuing savages suddenly grow fainter and fainter far off to my left.
I knew then that they had passed to the left of the jagged rock formation at the edge of the plateau, to the right of which my horse had borne me and the body of Powell. I drew rein on a little level promontory overlooking the trail below and to my left, and saw the party of pursuing savages disappearing around the point of a neighboring peak.
I knew the Indians would soon discover that they were on the wrong trail and that the search for me would be renewed in the right direction as soon as they located my tracks. I had gone but a short distance further when what seemed to be an excellent trail opened up around the face of a high cliff. The trail was level and quite broad and led upward and in the general direction I wished to go. The cliff arose for several hundred feet on my right, and on my left was an equal and nearly perpendicular drop to the bottom of a rocky ravine.
I had followed this trail for perhaps a hundred yards when a sharp turn to the right brought me to the mouth of a large cave. The opening was about four feet in height and three to four feet wide, and at this opening the trail ended.
It was now morning, and, with the customary lack of dawn which is a startling characteristic of Arizona, it had become daylight almost without warning. Dismounting, I laid Powell upon the ground, but the most painstaking examination failed to reveal the faintest spark of life. I forced water from my canteen between his dead lips, bathed his face and rubbed his hands, working over him continuously for the better part of an hour in the face of the fact that I knew him to be dead.
I was very fond of Powell; he was thoroughly a man in every respect; a polished southern gentleman; a staunch and true friend; and it was with a feeling of the deepest grief that I finally gave up my crude endeavors at resuscitation.
Leaving Powell's body where it lay on the ledge I crept into the cave to reconnoiter. I found a large chamber, possibly a hundred feet in diameter and thirty or forty feet in height; a smooth and well-worn floor, and many other evidences that the cave had, at some remote period, been inhabited. The back of the cave was so lost in dense shadow that I could not distinguish whether there were openings into other apartments or not.
As I was continuing my examination I commenced to feel a pleasant drowsiness creeping over me which I attributed to the fatigue of my long and strenuous ride, and the reaction from the excitement of the fight and the pursuit. I felt comparatively safe in my present location as I knew that one man could defend the trail to the cave against an army.
I soon became so drowsy that I could scarcely resist the strong desire to throw myself on the floor of the cave for a few moments' rest, but I knew that this would never do, as it would mean certain death at the hands of my red friends, who might be upon me at any moment. With an effort I started toward the opening of the cave only to reel drunkenly against a side wall, and from there slip prone upon the floor.

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Word Lists:

Imprecation : a spoken curse

Plateau : an area of relatively level high ground.

Reconnoiter : make a military observation of (a region)

Substantiate : provide evidence to support or prove the truth of

Marauder : a person who marauds; a raider

Prospector : a person who searches for mineral deposits, especially by drilling and excavation

Fiendish : extremely cruel or unpleasant; devilish

Withers : the highest part of a horse's back, lying at the base of the neck above the shoulders. The height of a horse is measured to the withers.

Drowsy : sleepy and lethargic; half asleep

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Additional Information:

Rating: Words in the Passage: 2622 Unique Words: 887 Sentences: 77
Noun: 551 Conjunction: 269 Adverb: 182 Interjection: 2
Adjective: 193 Pronoun: 281 Verb: 438 Preposition: 332
Letter Count: 11,283 Sentiment: Positive Tone: Neutral (Slightly Conversational) Difficult Words: 530
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